2. Numbers

Checking Whether a String Is a Valid Number

"Even numbers are objects in Smalltalk.  There is no special syntax for
manipulating numbers other than the literal forms of numbers.

For example, evaluating '1 + 2' results in the object 1 being sent the
message '+' with the single argument 2.  The '+' method returns the
object 3.

An object is either a subclass of Number (in which case it is a number)
or it's not.  An instance of String is not a number, though it might
contain the literal form of a number.

So let's say we have an instance of class String which we think might
contain a number in some form or other..."

|result|
result := '123.45' isNumber.   "false is assigned to result. '123.45' is
a String, not a Number."
result := 123.45 isNumber.  "true is assigned to result. 123.45 is
indeed a number."
result := Number readFrom: ('123.45' readStream). "result is the
Fraction(!) 2469/20"
result := result asFloat. "result is now the Float 123.45"
result := Number readFrom: ('this is not a number' readStream). "result
is the Integer zero."
result := Number readFrom: ('123abc' readStream). "result is the Integer
123"
result := 'This is not a number' isNumeric. "result is false"
result := '123' isNumeric. "result is true"
result := '123abc' isNumeric. "result is false"
result := '123' asNumber. "result is the Integer 123"

|number result|
number := '123' asNumber.
result := number isInteger.  "result is true"
result := number isRational. "result is true"
number := 123 / 456. "result is the Fraction 41/152"
result := number isInteger. "result is false"
result := number isRational. "result is true"

"Other tests that all Number objects respond to are:
>>isFinite
>>isInfinite
>>odd
>>positive"

Comparing Floating-Point Numbers

Rounding Floating-Point Numbers

Converting Between Binary and Decimal

Operating on a Series of Integers

Working with Roman Numerals

Generating Random Numbers

Generating Different Random Numbers

Making Numbers Even More Random

Generating Biased Random Numbers

Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, not Radians

Calculating More Trigonometric Functions

Taking Logarithms

Multiplying Matrices

Using Complex Numbers

Converting Between Octal and Hexadecimal

Putting Commas in Numbers

Printing Correct Plurals

Program: Calculating Prime Factors